2 Samuel 21:17

Authorized King James Version

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But Abishai the son of Zeruiah succoured him, and smote the Philistine, and killed him. Then the men of David sware unto him, saying, Thou shalt go no more out with us to battle, that thou quench not the light of Israel.

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּֽעֲזָר succoured H5826
וַיַּֽעֲזָר succoured
Strong's: H5826
Word #: 1 of 25
to surround, i.e., protect or aid
לוֹ֙ H0
לוֹ֙
Strong's: H0
Word #: 2 of 25
אֲבִישַׁ֣י But Abishai H52
אֲבִישַׁ֣י But Abishai
Strong's: H52
Word #: 3 of 25
abishai, an israelite
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 4 of 25
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
צְרוּיָ֔ה of Zeruiah H6870
צְרוּיָ֔ה of Zeruiah
Strong's: H6870
Word #: 5 of 25
tserujah, an israelitess
וַיַּ֥ךְ him and smote H5221
וַיַּ֥ךְ him and smote
Strong's: H5221
Word #: 6 of 25
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 7 of 25
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י the Philistine H6430
הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י the Philistine
Strong's: H6430
Word #: 8 of 25
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth
וַיְמִתֵ֑הוּ and killed H4191
וַיְמִתֵ֑הוּ and killed
Strong's: H4191
Word #: 9 of 25
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
אָ֣ז H227
אָ֣ז
Strong's: H227
Word #: 10 of 25
at that time or place; also as a conjunction, therefore
נִשְׁבְּעוּ֩ sware H7650
נִשְׁבְּעוּ֩ sware
Strong's: H7650
Word #: 11 of 25
to seven oneself, i.e., swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)
אַנְשֵׁי H376
אַנְשֵׁי
Strong's: H376
Word #: 12 of 25
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
דָוִ֨ד of David H1732
דָוִ֨ד of David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 13 of 25
david, the youngest son of jesse
ל֜וֹ H0
ל֜וֹ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 14 of 25
לֵאמֹ֗ר unto him saying H559
לֵאמֹ֗ר unto him saying
Strong's: H559
Word #: 15 of 25
to say (used with great latitude)
לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 16 of 25
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
תֵצֵ֨א Thou shalt go H3318
תֵצֵ֨א Thou shalt go
Strong's: H3318
Word #: 17 of 25
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
ע֤וֹד H5750
ע֤וֹד
Strong's: H5750
Word #: 18 of 25
properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more
אִתָּ֙נוּ֙ H854
אִתָּ֙נוּ֙
Strong's: H854
Word #: 19 of 25
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה no more out with us to battle H4421
לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה no more out with us to battle
Strong's: H4421
Word #: 20 of 25
a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)
וְלֹ֥א H3808
וְלֹ֥א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 21 of 25
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
תְכַבֶּ֖ה that thou quench H3518
תְכַבֶּ֖ה that thou quench
Strong's: H3518
Word #: 22 of 25
to expire or (causatively) to extinguish (fire, light, anger)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 23 of 25
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
נֵ֥ר not the light H5216
נֵ֥ר not the light
Strong's: H5216
Word #: 24 of 25
a lamp (i.e., the burner) or light (literally or figuratively)
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 25 of 25
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Analysis & Commentary

But Abishai the son of Zeruiah succoured him, and smote the Philistine, and killed him. Then the men of David sware unto him, saying, Thou shalt go no more out with us to battle, that thou quench not the light of Israel.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Famine and Giants, emphasizing justice, covenant obligations. The three-year famine traced to Saul's treaty violation demonstrates God's demand for covenant faithfulness and justice. The execution of Saul's descendants and Rizpah's faithful vigil over their bodies presents complex ethical questions. The Philistine giant battles demonstrate ongoing threats. Theological themes include multi-generational covenant obligations, the high cost of treaty violations, God's demand for justice, and His provision of strength for continued battles.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 21 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding justice, covenant obligations provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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